Effectiveness of Interventions regarding Breast Feeding Technique on practice of Primipara mothers in Pgims, Rohtak, Haryana

 

Kumari Sunita¹, Rani Deepika²*

¹Professor, College of Nursing, PGIMS, Rohtak

²Nursing Student, College of Nursing, PGIMS, Rohtak

 

ABSTRACT:

Background: Breast milk is the natural first food for babies, it provides all the energy and nutrients that infants needs. Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Virtually all mothers can breastfeed. They have accurate information, and the support of their family, the health care system and society at large. Methods: A Quantitative approach and pre- experimental research design was used to assess the practice on breast feeding technique among 50 primipara mothers who were admitted in PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana which were selected by Non probability convenient sampling technique. Observational checklist method was used to collect data from primipara mothers. Result: Result showed that pretest mean score of practice regarding breast feeding technique was 5.2 and post-test mean score was11.24. It Shows that there was significant difference in the mean pre-test practice score and mean post-test practice score of primipara mothers on breast feeding technique as measured by ‘t’ test (45) which was significant at 0.05 level of significance. There was no significant relationship between selected demographic variables with practice of primipara mothers. Conclusion: The study concluded that intervention was effective which improve the practice of primipara mothers.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Breast milk is a species specific complete food. It is easily digested and well absorbed by the newborn. Protection against infection and facilitate mother infant bonding and promotes better brain growth¹. For the mother breast feeding helps in involution of uterus, delays pregnancy and lower risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The baby should be put to the breast as soon as the baby becomes hungry². There is no restriction of the number of feeds and duration of sucking time.

 

Breast feeding provides a unique bonding experience for mother and child³. It stimulates most of the senses and close body contact allows the baby to recognize its mothers smell. The baby can feel and hear the sound of her heart beats which is similar to the intrauterine environment⁴. Breastfeeding technique is a learned skill for both mother and newborn. Breast feeding technique comprises of commencement of breast feeding, breastfeeding positions, latching on, taking your baby off the breast and burping.⁵ Children are our future and our most precious resources. For most of the children breast feeding makes the different between life and death and it is the infant “PASSPORT OF LIFE”⁶. Breast milk not only the best our must for the infants. Lack of breast feeding especially during first few months of life are important risk factors for infant and childhood morbidity and mortality.⁷ Breast feeding provides significant health benefits for infants and mothers. Breast milk remains the best food for the proper development and growth of infants.⁸ Breast milk promotes sensory and cognitive development, and protects the infants against infectious and chronic diseases.⁹ Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant’s mortality due to common childhood illnesses such as diarrhea and pneumonia, and helps for a quicker recovery during illness. It has also been found to protect against delays in young children’s language and motor skill development. So, breast feeding principles and techniques is usually followed by mothers from the first feeding inself.¹⁰

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Quantitative approach and pre- experimental research design was used to assess 50 primipara mothers who were admitted in PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana were taken by Non probability convenient sampling technique. Observational checklist method was used to collect data from primipara mothers by using practice statement (15) that includes demographic characteristics as well as practice variables related to breast feeding technique. The respondents had to choose an option which they felt was the most appropriate. This part deals with the analysis of primipara mother’s practice regarding breast feeding technique. The respondents were given score 1 for the correct answer and 0 for the wrong answer. The collected data was summarized and tabulated by utilizing descriptive statistics which includes percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics includes t – test, chi square. Different diagrams were used to depict the findings.

 

RESULT

Table I: Association between post-test practice score with demographic variables N=50

Sample characteristics	f	Poor	Good	Excellent	X2	Df	P value	Result 0.05
Age of the mother a) 18-21 year b) 22-25 year c) 26-30 year d) 31-35 year	13 20 17 0	0 0 0 0	1 2 2 0	12 18 15 0	0.1	2	0.93	NS
Education a) illiterate b) primary c) middle d) secondary and above	16 16 10 8	0 0 0 0	1 1 2 1	15 15 8 7	1.6	3	0.64	NS
Type of family a) nuclear b) joint c) extended d) blended	18 17 9 6	0 0 0 0	2 1 1 1	16 16 8 5	0.6	3	0.88	NS
Occupation of the mother a) laborer b) Private employee c) Govt. employee d) Self employed	8 22 8 12	0 0 0 0	1 1 1 2	7 21 7 10	1.4	3	0.69	NS
Occupation of the husband a) Laborer b) Private Employee c) Govt. Employee d) self employed	8 17 21 4	0 0 0 0	2 1 1 1	6 16 20 3	3.9	3	0.26	NS
Family income a) Rs. Less than 5000 b) Rs. 5001-10000 c) Rs. 10001-15000 d)Rs. 15001 and above	2 8 14 26	0 0 0 0	1 1 1 2	1 7 13 24	3.8	3	0.27	NS
Source of information a) Newspaper b) Magazine c) T. V. d) Others	5 12 13 20	0 0 0 0	1 2 1 1	4 10 12 19	1.7	3	0.61	NS
Education of husband a) Illiterate b) Primary c) Middle d) Secondary and above	2 3 15 30	0 0 0 0	1 1 1 2	1 2 14 28	5.9	3	0.11	NS

 

Table shows a chi- square test is used to determine the association between the practice with selected demographic variables. There was no association between Age (0.1), Education of mother (1.6), Type of family (0.6), Occupation of mother (1.4), Occupation of husband (3.9), family income (3.8), source of information (1.7), education of husband (5.9) regarding breast feeding technique.

Table. 2 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of intervention on Breast feeding Technique among primipara mothers. N=50

S. No	Practice Criteria	Pre-test			Post-test			t value	Result
		%age	Mean	SD	%age	Mean	SD	45	Significant
1	Poor practice	72%	5.2	0.69	0%	11.24	0.68
2	Good practice	28%			10%
3	Excellent practice	0%			90%

 

The difference between pre-test mean score and post-test score was 6.04. The obtained t value is 45 is greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore t value is found to be significant. There is remarkable improvement in the practice so the intervention was effective. Hence h1 was accepted

 

Figure 1: Diagrammatic Presentation of Mean Score and Standard Deviation of practice regarding Breast feeding technique among primipara mothers.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are grateful to the authorities of College of Nursing, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana for the facilities.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

REFERENCES:

1.      Dee DL, Li R, Lee LC, Grummer- Strawn LM. Association between breastfeeding practices and young children’s language and motor skill development. Pediatrics, 2007;119: 592-98.

2.      Raman Kalia. Promotion of breast feeding practice. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2004; Vol 44: 1128 -1137.

3.      Bushnell IWR, SaiF, Mullin JT. Neonatal Recognition of the mother’s face. British Journal of Developmental Psychology (1989).

4.      Neharban Singh, “Care of the Newborn” (1999) 5^th Edition, sagar publication. New Delhi, Page No. 142, 159, 163, 167.

5.      Dr. M Gandhimathi. Strategies to promote exclusive breast feeding. Nightingale Nursing Times. Aug 2005; Vol 2(5): 13-16.

6.      Savitha S.V. Practice of breastfeeding among mothers in urban slum. Nightingale Nursing Times. 2011 August; 7(5): 63-64.

7.      Ruth. A. Lawrence, “breastfeeding – A guide for the medical profession.” (1999), 5^th Edition Mosby Company, Missouri, Page No. 253-263.

8.      Brazelton TB, Cramer B. The earliest relationship. Reading MA. Addison –Wesley: (1990).

9.      Indian journal of public health “An article for breastfeeding” – Dec 2000: Page No. 12-14.

10.   BT Basavanthappa. “Midwifery and Reproductive health Nursing”, NewDelhi, Jaypee brothers 2006.pp-410-411.

 

 

 

 

Received on 28.08.2019          Modified on 10.09.2019

Accepted on 20.09.2019     © A&V Publications all right reserved